Unlike other versions of the YFAS, the dYFAS-C 2.0 uses a dimensional scoring approach which is more sensitive to detecting subclinical variability in food addiction symptoms.
The Dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0 Schiestl & Gearhardt, 2018) was developed to reflect the updated DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder and has a 3rd grade reading level. The Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C) was developed for use in younger age groups by altering the original YFAS to be at a 2nd grade reading level and to refer to age-appropriate activities (Gearhardt et al., 2013).
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The modified versions of the YFAS perform similarly on psychometric indicators as the full versions of the scale and are useful brief assessment tool for food addiction.
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The mYFAS 2.0 has one question to assess each of the 11 DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance-use disorders, plus 2 questions to assess clinically significant distress and impairment (Schulte & Gearhardt, 2017). The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) is an abbreviated, 13-item version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0). The modified version of the YFAS (mYFAS) was developed for use in large epidemiologic cohorts by adapting the validated YFAS to a core of 9 questionnaire items with 1 question from each of the symptom groups that compose the 7 diagnostic criteria plus 2 individual items that assess the presence of clinically significant impairment and distress (Flint et al., 2014). Other versions of the YFAS are available. Thus, the YFAS 2.0 appears to by a psychometrically sound measure that reflects the current diagnostic understanding of addiction to further investigate the potential role of an addictive process in problematic eating behavior. However, exceeding the food addiction threshold was more strongly associated with obesity for the YFAS 2.0 than the original YFAS. Both versions of the YFAS are similarly associated with elevated body mass index, binge eating, and weight cycling. The YFAS 2.0 was developed to maintain consistency with the current diagnostic understanding of addiction and to improve the psychometric properties of the original YFAS. DSM–5) was released, which included significant changes to the substance-related and addictive disorders (SRAD) section.
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Recently, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. The Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 (YFAS 2.0 Gearhardt, Corbin, & Brownell, 2016) was published in the Psychology of Addictive Behaviors.
Foreign language translations, including German, French, Turkish, Italian, Chinese, and Spanish versions, have also been developed by other research teams. The YFAS has received psychometric support in a non-clinical populations (Gearhardt et al., 2009 Pedram et al., 2013), binge eating populations (Gearhardt, White et al., 2013 Gearhardt et al., 2012), obese bariatric surgery patients (Clark & Saules, 2013 Meule, Heckel, & Kübler, 2012) and a diverse clinical sample (Davis et al., 2011). The YFAS includes two scoring options: 1) a “symptom count” ranging from 0 to 7 that reflects the number of addiction-like criteria endorsed and 2) a dichotomous “diagnosis” that indicates whether a threshold of three or more “symptoms” plus clinically significant impairment or distress has been met. The scale includes items that assess specific criteria, such as diminished control over consumption, a persistent desire or repeated unsuccessful attempts to quit, withdrawal, and clinically significant impairment. The YFAS includes 25 items and translates the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence as stated in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) to relate to the consumption of calorie-dense foods (e.g., high in refined carbohydrates and fat). The YFAS allows for a more systematic examination of the hypothesis that highly processed foods (e.g., French fries, milkshakes) might trigger an addictive process for certain people. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS Gearhardt, Corbin, & Brownell, 2009) is the first measure designed specifically to assess signs of addictive-like eating behavior.